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Volume-17 (2018);
No. 1 (January-March)
Published on May 15, 2018
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2018;1:1
Original Article |
Margaret B, Lewis LE, Bhat RY, Nayak BS, Pai MS, Mundkur SC.
Impact of Depressive Symptoms on Mother Infant Attachment among Mothers of Preterm Neonates. |
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Abstract: Objective: To assess the level of depressive symptoms and mother-infant-attachment among mothers of preterms admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and find the relationship between of depressive symptoms and mother-infant-attachment. Materials and methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among 100 mothers whose preterm babies were admitted in NICU of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka using purposive sampling. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Mother Infant Attachment Scale were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mother’s age ranged from 20 to 40 years. The mild depressive symptoms were experienced by 28 (28%) mothers, moderate 25(25%) and 17 (17%) had severe level of depressive symptoms. Majority mothers 77(77%) of preterms had good-attachment and 18% had moderate attachment. Mean depressive symptom score and mother-infant-attachment score was 14.36±7.47 and 58.00 ±12.95 respectively. Depressive symptoms and mother-infant-attachment showed moderate negative correlation, (ρ=--0.506), (p=0.001). Conclusion: Increased levels of depressive symptoms among the mothers of preterm neonates affects the mother–infant-interactions. Interventions to decrease the level of depressive symptoms need to be planned for promoting good mother infant interaction.
Key words: Depression, mother-infant-attachment, preterms, NICU, parent infant interaction, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. |
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2018;1:2
Original Article |
Varghese AL, Nanditha JP, Bajaj G, Anil MA, Balasubramaniam RK, Kumar AS.
Assessment of Working Memory in Individuals With Stuttering in Comparison With Individuals With Normal Fluency. |
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Abstract: It is common in literature to relate stuttering with some other deficit that interferes with communicative functions. Working memory comprises the system of human memory dedicated to both temporary storages of phonological detail and allocation of cognitive resources necessary for forming lasting memories. In this study we have analyzed the performance of individuals with stuttering on various working memory tasks. The aim of study is to compare the working memory abilities in individuals with stuttering and individuals with normal fluency on various working memory tasks. A total of 30 individuals with stuttering and 30 individuals with normal fluency in the age range of 18 – 40 years participated in the study. The Working Memory domain will be assessed using The Manipal Manual for Cognitive Linguistic Abilities (MMCLA) which consists of auditory word retrieval, auditory letter and number recall, auditory word list recall, auditory delayed sentence recall, visual practice recall, visual letter and number recall, visual word list recall and visual delayed sentence recall. Results revealed that the individuals with normal fluency had superior performance compared to the individuals with stuttering. Hence, it’s helpful to understand the involvement of working memory in stuttering and incorporate working memory training along with the conventional fluency therapy.
Key words: Working memory, Stuttering |
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This Article |
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2018;1:3
Original Article |
Zargar M, Moramezi F, Nasehi N, Nasehi P.
Sonography in Comparison to Urinary Kit in Intra-Uterine Insemination Timing. |
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Abstract: Background: Despite all attempts to increase pregnancy rates, overall success rate of Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is still not acceptable. Proof of ovulation is an important indicator to determine the time of IUI, but to date there is no test proving that the ovulation has definitely occurred. Objective: This study was aimed to compare the efficiency of ultrasound in measuring the size of follicles and urinary Luteinizing Hormone (uLH) kit in determining LH surge for IUI timing. Method: In this comparative, nonrandomized, not blinded clinical trial, 311 IUI cycles in 262 infertile couples who were candidate of IUI were assigned into two groups of ultrasound (n=100 cycles) and uLH kit (n=211 cycles) for IUI timing. Two weeks after doing the IUI, the ßHCG was checked, and chemical pregnancy was confirmed. Four weeks after positive chemical pregnancy test, the fetal heart activity was confirmed by pelvic ultrasonography to confirm clinical pregnancy. Results: Chemical pregnancy rate was lower in ultrasonography group but not significant in comparison to LH kit (14.3% and 18.4%, respectively (P= 0.11)). Clinical pregnancy rate in the groups of ultrasonography and LH kit was respectively 10.3% and 10.3% which did not differ significantly (P= 0.3). Conclusion: Considering that the use of uLH kit is a simple and low cost way and can be done at home by the patients, so the patients can have an active participation in their treatment process.
Key words: Intra uterine insemination, Urinary luteinizing hormone, Pregnancy rate |
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2018;1:4
Original Article |
Ramachandra P, Maiya AG, Kumar P, Kamath A.
Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters During Pregnancy and Postpartum. |
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Abstract: Background and Objectives: Gait can get altered due to various biomechanical changes that occurs during pregnancy and this can affect the overall load distribution on the lower limb joints. These compensations may lead to changes in the spatio-temporal gait variables during pregnancy and postpartum and hence it is necessary to understand them.
Method: We conducted a cohort study in which 84 pregnant women were recruited at or before 12th week of gestation and were studied through various trimesters and postpartum. Seventy pregnant women participated in the study and the spatio- temporal gait parameters were recorded using the 3-Step gait protocol on the Win-Track system through various trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the changes across the time periods.
Results: The spatio-temporal gait variables analyzed were step duration, double stance duration, swing duration, step length, gait cycle length and cadence. All the gait parameters showed a significant difference (p<0.05) across the measurement periods. The plantar surface area of the feet and the average peak pressure also exhibited a gradual increase in values with advancement of pregnancy and reduced in the postpartum period (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Pregnant women tend to walk at slower speed, with reduced step length, cadence and increased single stance duration and double stance duration in the third trimester compared to the earlier trimesters. The plantar surface area and the average peak pressure also exhibited significant changes across the measurement periods. All the variables reverted back to the first trimester values at six weeks postpartum.
Key words: Antenatal, Postnatal, Walking |
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This Article |
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2018;1:5
Original Article |
Lebedenko AA, Shkurat TP, Mashkina EV, Semernik OE, Dreyzina TK, Ivanova DN.
Transforming Growth Factor Β: Clinical Significance and Peculiarities of Inheritance in Children with Atopic Dermatitis. |
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Abstract: Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective: to study the role of TGF-β1 in the pathogenesis of AD in children. Materials and methods. A survey was conducted of 34 patients with AD and 20 healthy children. TGF-β1 in serum were determined by ELISA using kits of Human TGF beta1 Platinum ELISA. Definition Arg25Pro gene polymorphism of TGF β1 was carried out using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Results. It was found that patients with AD showed a significant increase in the concentration of TGF-β in the serum (222,37±68,58 PG/ml) compared with the control group (3,03±0,41 ng/ml) [p = 0.001]. The concentration depends on the severity and duration of the illness. Frequency of genotypes for the polymorphism Arg25Pro TGF β1 gene among patients with AD had significant differences from the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, among patients who are heterozygotes for the gene Arg25Pro TGF β1, was significantly more observed moderate (77.78 %) and severe (33,33%) the course of the disease. Conclusion. The obtained results confirm the importance of TGF-β1 in the pathogenesis of AD.
Key words: Atopic dermatitis, Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), Children, Genetics, Gene polymorphism, Pathogenesis |
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This Article |
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2018;1:6
Original Article |
Trang NT, Thanh CM, Hanh PVH, Nhan NT, Giang VT, Lyangasova O, Shkurat T.
Application of Next Generation Sequencing Upon the Detection of Deafness Genes in Vietnamese Children with Non-syndromic Hearing Loss. |
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Abstract: Introduction: There are 15000 hearing-impaired children are born in Vietnam every year. Early detection of common deafness mutations is a key factor for diagnosing, helping hearing-loss children to develop their language and awareness normally. Objective: To identify the carrier rate of common deafness mutations in Vietnamese population. Objects and Methods: 80 hearing-impaired and 100 normal children from Viet Nam. Apply technology of next generation sequencing to detect 100 mutations of 18 deafness genes, namely GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4, MT-RNR1, MT-CO1, MT-TL1, MT-TS1, MT-TH, DSPP, GPR98, DFNA5, TMC1, MYO7A, TECTA, DIABLO, COCH, MYO15A and PRPS1. Result: The DNA microarray analysis revealed that identify 6 cases with deafness mutations (account for 10%). Identify by the next-generation sequencing method 18 mutations of deafness genes of 17 hearing-impaired patients (account for 22.5% in total), including 10 cases of mutations of genes GJB2 (8 heterozygous cases: c.299-300delAT, c.512insAACG, c.235delC and 2 homozygous cases: c.512insAACG); SLC26A4 (c.2168A>G, 3 cases); TMC1 (c.1334G>A); MT-RNR1 (m.827A>G, m.961delTinsC); MT-TH(m.12201T>C); MT-TL1 (m.3243A>G). No mutations were identified in the control group. Conclusion: The incidence of deafness mutations in hearing-loss group is 22.5%. Mutations of GJB2 cover the largest proportion (12.5%) among 18 genes investigated. In this review, we describe commonly used genomic technologies as well as the application of these technologies to the genetic diagnosis of deafness and to the discovery of novel genes for syndromic and nonsyndromic deafness.
Key words: NGS, deafness, GJB2, TMC1, SLC26A4, MT-TH, MT-TL1, 12S rRNA |
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This Article |
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2018;1:7
Original Article |
Madhavan I, Batumalai UM, Barodawala FS, Ariffin AE.
Prevalence of Myopia Among Indian School Children in Kuala Lumpur. |
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies on the prevalence of refractive errors are scarce among Indian children population in Malaysia. Hence, this study aimed at determining the prevalence of refractive error among Indian schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur. METHODS: A total of 1462 Indian schoolchildren 7–11 years of age participated in this study. The subjects consisted of 733 (50.1%) boys and 729 (49.9%) girls. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction was used to determine the refractive error. Myopia was defined as a SER of 1.00 dioptre (D) or worse, hyperopia as a SER of +0.50 D or more, and astigmatism as cylindrical power equal to or worse than 0.75 DC. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism were 28.9%, 6.9% and 35.4% respectively. The prevalence of anisometropia was 7.7%. CONCLUSION: Myopia was the most common type of refractive error found in this population. Further investigation to identify the cause of myopia is needed in order to slow down the increase in severity of myopia among Indian schoolchildren.
Key words: Prevalence rate, Refractive errors, Non-cycloplegic, Indian school children |
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This Article |
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2018;1:8
Original Article |
Talwar P, Sabil S, Mustafa MS, Otham MK, Hian CC, Aman S.
Reconnoitering the Influence of Socio-demographic Factors on Internet Addiction. |
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Abstract: Internet addiction (IA) has gradually emerged as a detrimental mental health problem, especially amongst youngsters. The current study endeavored to ascertain the determinants of IA amidst this at-risk population, by conducting an exploratory cross-sectional study among 307 undergraduate students of a public university. Information about sociodemographic characteristics, Internet usage patterns, and responses to Internet Addiction Test (IAT) were gathered through self-report questionnaires. Findings indicated no significant gender difference in the IA scores. Time spent online and academic achievements were found to be significantly associated with IA, across gender. Regression analysis indicated that only race/ ethnicity profile (for male students), time spent online (for female students) and monetary expenditure on internet usage (across gender) were independent predictors of IA. Considering that gender differences in IA were not highlighted by the present study, further studies are recommended so as to have a thorough understanding of IA amongst the susceptible younger demographic.
Key words: Internet addiction, University students, Gender, Sociodemographic determinants |
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This Article |
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2018;1:9
Original Article |
Covantev S, Mazuruc N, Cravcenco D, Belic O.
Anatomy of the Mandible: Developmental Variations and Clinical Significance. |
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Abstract: Introduction: Anatomical structures serve as landmarks for dental procedures. Therefore, in our present study, we determined the most common anatomical variations of mandibles. Material and Methods: The study included 50 dry mandibles from the department of human anatomy obtained from patients of Moldavian origin. The obtained data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearsons correlation. A p level of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mandibular foramen was situated in the inferior 1/3 of mandibular ramus in 30 cases (60%). In 20 cases (40%) the mandibular foramen was situated in the middle of the ramus. Both premolar foramen and accessory mandibular foramen were encountered in two cases respectively (4%). Mylohyoid bridging was also encountered in two cases (4%). The condylar morphology differed according
to its surface and was classified in to four types: type A - superior surface flattened, type B - superior surface convex, type C - superior surface angled and type D - superior surface rounded. The morphology of the left condylar process according to the types: A – 20 cases (40%), B – 16 cases (32%), C – 2 (4%), D – 12 (24%). The morphology of the right condylar process according to the types: A – 16 cases (32%), B – 20 (40%), C – 6 (12%), D – 8 (16%). There were four common forms of the lingula: triangular lingula (type 1), truncated lingula (type 2), lingula seen as a less prominent nodule (type 3), lingula assimilated in the mandibular ramus (type 4). The lingual type from the right side: type 1 – 8 (16%), type 2 – 18 (36%), type 3 – 18 (36%) and type 4 – 6 (12%). The lingual type from the left side: type 1 – 10 (20%), type 2 – 18 (36%), type 3 – 18 (36%) and type 4 – 6 (12%). Conclusions: The anatomy of the mandible has several clinically significant anatomical variations, which should be taken into consideration in daily dentist practice. The data provided in the article discusses some of the variations of the development and morphological parameters of mandibles from the Moldavian population.
Key words: Mandible, Mandibular foramen, Mental foramen, Premolar foramen, Condylar morphology, Lingual, Mylohyoid bridging |
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This Article |
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2018;1:10
Original Article |
Alahmar AT.
The Attitude of Second Year Pharmacy Students Toward Lectures, Exams and E-Learning. |
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Abstract: Objective: There is an increasing trend toward student-centered interactive e-learning methods and students’ feedback is a valuable tool for improving learning methods. The aim of this study was to explore the attitude of second year pharmacy students at University of Babylon, Iraq toward lectures, exams and e-learning. Materials and methods: Ninety pharmacy students were surveyed by paper questionnaire about their preference for lecture format, use of e-files, theoretical lectures versus practical experiments, lecture and lab time. Students were also asked about their predilection for Moodle-based online exams, different types of exam questions, exam time and other extra academic activities. Results: Students prefer to read lectures on paper (73.3%), use of PowerPoint file (76.7%), short lectures of less than 10 pages (94.5%), practical experiments (66.7%), lectures and lab time of less than two hours (89.9% and 96.6 respectively) and intra-lecture discussions (68.9%). Students also like to have paper-based exam (73.3%), short essay (40%) or MCQ (34.4%) questions and also prefer to do extra activities like reports (22.2%), seminars (18.6%) and posters (10.8%). Conclusion: Second year pharmacy students have different attitudes toward traditional and electronic learning and assessment methods. Using multimedia, e-learning and Moodle are increasingly preferred methods among some students.
Key words: Pharmacy, Students, Lecture, E-learning, Moodle |
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This Article |
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2018;1:11
Original Article |
Sone P, Vanaja CS.
Development of Auditory Memory and Sequencing Test for Marathi Speaking Children. |
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Abstract: Objectives: Aims of the study were to develop test material for evaluation of auditory memory and sequencing in Marathi; to compare scores in children across the age and among children with and without symptoms of Central auditory processing disorders (CAPD). Methods: The test material consisted of 20 sequences. The number of words in a sequence ranged from three to eight. All tokens were audio recorded and played through a laptop computer. The participants were instructed to repeat the words heard in the same sequence. Data were collected from a total of 60 typically developing children, in the age range of 5 to 5;11; 6 to 6;11 and 7 to 7;11years. Twelve children with symptoms of CAPD, were compared with typically developing children. The responses were scored using two scoring methods. In Method I, which is based on Yathiraj and Vijayalakshmi (2006) and in Method II, memory and sequencing span was determined based on the recommendation of Vaidyanath and Yathiraj (2014). Results: Results of item analysis suggest that the developed auditory memory and sequencing test has good reliability. There was no significant effect of gender, whereas significant age effect was observed for auditory memory and sequencing scores as well as span, there was a difference in the trend. Children with CAPD had poor auditory memory and sequencing score and span, however a significant difference was observed in some age groups while it was not observed in other age groups. Auditory sequencing score and span could identify more number of children with CAPD.
Conclusion: Auditory memory and sequencing test has good internal consistency and reliability. Significant age effect for both auditory memory and sequencing was observed for 5 to 8 year old children. There was no gender effect. Children with symptoms of CAPD showed poor performance on these tests. The results obtained varied depending on the methods of scoring. Auditory sequencing task was more difficult than auditory memory both in typically developing children and those with symptoms of CAPD.
Key words: Memory span, CAPD, Auditory maturation |
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2018;1:12
Original Article |
Appose A, Karuppali S.
Decoding the Macrostructural Form of Oral Narratives in Typically Developing Children Between 6 – 11 Years Of Age: Using Story Grammar Analysis. |
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Abstract: Background: Oral narratives are an integral part of communication, which primarily develops during the early and middle-school years. The macrostructural form of narratives showcases the child’s use of language, and the organization of the story and coherence. With only a handful of western standardized language assessment measures available to determine the narrative development in young children, there exists a dire need to develop culturally appropriate stimuli for the same. Aims: The present study aims to determine the macrostructural form of oral narratives in typically developing children between 6 -11 years using Story Grammar (SG) analysis. Methods: A total of 90 typically developing children aged 6-11 year-olds participated in the present study. The participants were allocated into 6 groups based on their age. The study was carried out in three phases. Phase I consisted of developing a picture sequence stimuli based on a SG framework; Phase II included the data collection process; while Phase III comprised of data and statistical analysis of the SG components. Results: The oral narratives were analyzed according to the SG model. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were done to determine the normality. The mean and SD were calculated for the SG components. Parametric tests were done to obtain the level of significance across and between the age groups. An inter-rater reliability was done to ascertain the reliability of scoring the samples. Conclusions: The present study provides a culturally sensitive task which can be used to assess the macrostructural form of oral narratives in young children.
Key words: Macrostructure, Narratives, Story grammar, Picture, Oral. |
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2018;1:13
Case Report |
Nayak SB.
Surgically Important Giant Obturator Artery, its Variant Distribution and Other Associated Vascular Variations in a Male Pelvis. |
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Abstract: Knowledge of variations of obturator artery is of importance during many surgical procedures of the pelvis both in male and females. Here, an extremely rare variation of obturator artery and other associated vascular variations of the pelvis are presented. These variations were noted in the right pelvic half of an adult male cadaver. The obturator artery was huge and it divided into two divisions. The lateral division accompanied the obturator nerve and vein and entered the medial compartment of the thigh by passing through the obturator foramen. The medial division gave two vesical branches, which divided and formed a tuft of arteries near the lateral side of the neck of the bladder. It also gave a slender branch, which entered the obturator foramen along with the main obturator neurovascular bundle. The medial division gave a prostatic and a penile branch. The penile branch entered the crus of the penis as the deep artery of the penis. Further the inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries arose through a common trunk, which divided into terminal branches in the gluteal region, below the piriformis muscle.
Key words: Obturator hernia, Gluteal region, Iliac arteries |
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2018;1:14
Opinion |
Kakunje A, Sindhu PES, Prabhu A, Karkal R, Kumar P, Gupta N, Pookoth RK.
Topical Valproate Solution for Hair Growth. |
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Abstract: Valproate is used regularly in the treatment of various seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, migraine prophylaxis and off label in many other conditions. Alopecia or hair loss is cosmetic side effect of oral valproate administration. Hair loss with valproate is diffused, non-scarring and dose related. A large number of drugs may interfere with the hair cycle and produce hair loss. We have only few drugs like Minoxidil, Finasteride used for hair regeneration and both have its own side effects and limitations. In contrast to oral ingestions of valproate causing hair loss, early experiments with topical Valproic acid cream showed hair regeneration.
Valproic acid cream is currently unavailable in the market, alternatively we do have valproate and divalproex solutions available in various strengths which have a potential to be used topically for hair regeneration. The side effects and cost of topical valproate solution could be much less than the available options in the market. Valproate solution topically has the potential to be used for hair growth.
Key words: Valproate, hair, regeneration, topical solution |
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